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Vaccine mandates are very American

John Fea   |  September 8, 2021

Ohio representative Jim Jordan recently tweeted this:

Vaccine mandates are un-American.

— Rep. Jim Jordan (@Jim_Jordan) September 6, 2021

Not really. Here is The Washington Post:

At a time when the delta variant’s summer surge has renewed the nation’s divisions over coronavirus vaccines, Rep. Jim Jordan (R-Ohio) on Monday said mandates enforcing vaccination do not reflect what it means to be American.

“Vaccine mandates are un-American,” Jordan tweeted.

But critics panned Jordan’s Labor Day message as being off — way off — by nearly 2½ centuries. George Washington, the commander in chief of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War, made the bold decision in 1777 to require that his troops be immunized after a smallpox outbreak devastated the nation.

The act would be repeated by presidents and military leaders throughout U.S. history — including last month by the Defense Department — and a 1905 decision by the Supreme Court upheld mandatory vaccinations as American.

When I want to learn something about vaccines and inoculation in early American history, I turn to Andrew Wehrman of Central Michigan University. Here are a few links to his public writing on disease, inoculation, and public health in the 18th century:

In August, Wehrman was a guest on the Infectious Historians podcast. The episode was titled, “Smallpox, Inoculations, and the American Revolution“

“We can repeat Boston’s 1776 freedom summer,” Washington Post, July 2, 2021.

Wehrman’s work is featured in this Voice of America piece titled “What would US Founding Fathers Say to Anti-Maskers?“

He was also on the Ben Franklin’s World podcast.

Here are some highlights from his Twitter feed:

I’m happy to be among the many in the library of things Jim Jordan hasn’t read. pic.twitter.com/yHkgyV5SR3

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) September 8, 2021

Examples like these are easy to find because compulsory vaccination has been ubiquitous across the United States from the beginning—fitting for a nation founded during a smallpox epidemic. https://t.co/bASpkwMP55

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) September 7, 2021

Also, we’ve been over this before: https://t.co/0bgXiRJs3Q

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) September 7, 2021

With cases of smallpox in Saginaw, Flint, and Lapeer in the fall of 1910, the state board of health ordered the railroads not to allow passengers from those cities be allowed to go to Ann Arbor for the football game. pic.twitter.com/g7wlo6U1o2

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) September 4, 2021

In colonial America, advocates for general inoculation liked to claim that failing to inoculate was a violation of the 6th commandment, “thou shalt not kill.” https://t.co/SE8pYWlMVx

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) August 28, 2021

Vaccination was a requirement in the Confederate conscription acts for all soldiers but supplying good vaccine material was difficult during the war. Here’s a good article on it. https://t.co/T6QxmLCavz

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) August 27, 2021

My favorite story I found was this one from Montrose, Pennsylvania in 1948 where a man drank his sick horse's medicine and then was fined $9 for "cruel neglect" of the horse. pic.twitter.com/N6Lu77Gcgs

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) August 26, 2021

Washington gets credit for giving the order to inoculate the troops but we forget his Hospital Director John Morgan was so frustrated by the Army's inaction on smallpox that he published his "Recommendation for Inoculation" in April 1776, 10 months before Washington's order. pic.twitter.com/HMRXiCVGu1

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) August 9, 2021

I think the greatest lesson we can take from Washington’s decision was that he changed his mind. He was dead-set against it but listened to doctors and the demands from his soldiers did a complete 180. https://t.co/o2UdL4TnDN

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) July 29, 2021

The U.S. was founded during a smallpox epidemic. George Washington wrote in 1777: “If I was a Member of that [Virginia] Assembly I would rather move for a Law to compell the Masters of Families to inoculate every Child born within a certain limitted time under severe Penalties.” https://t.co/7PGnK0sqSh

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) August 4, 2021

The U.S. was founded during a smallpox epidemic. George Washington wrote in 1777: “If I was a Member of that [Virginia] Assembly I would rather move for a Law to compell the Masters of Families to inoculate every Child born within a certain limitted time under severe Penalties.” https://t.co/7PGnK0sqSh

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) August 4, 2021

Yes, but a lot happened between 1736 and 1777. The real story isn’t that well-educated Americans sought inoculation but that ordinary Americans demanded equal access in droves during these decades ultimately forcing Washington to act. (And, yes, that’s my book) https://t.co/1aClqIHZwE

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) July 24, 2021

I have a chapter in my (forthcoming) book about George Washington's decision to inoculate the Continental Army against smallpox. He didn't want to do it. He thought soldiers could brave it like he had. He didn't trust doctors. But his character allowed him to change his mind.

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) October 25, 2020

Because people have asked, there were no forced inoculations in the Continental Army. Washington pressured his officers and medical staff to inoculate more quickly, but soldiers wanted to be protected against smallpox. There was no anti-inoculation movement in 1776.

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) February 19, 2021

Because people have asked, there were no forced inoculations in the Continental Army. Washington pressured his officers and medical staff to inoculate more quickly, but soldiers wanted to be protected against smallpox. There was no anti-inoculation movement in 1776.

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) February 19, 2021

Washington ordered Gen. McDougall to inoculate 8 regiments in March 1777. When McDougall did not update him, Washington wrote: “I do not find any mention of inoculation in your letter. This is an object of great importance, and what I wished to claim your first attention.”

— Andrew Wehrman (@ProfWehrman) February 19, 2021

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Filed Under: Way of Improvement Tagged With: American Revolution, Andrew Wehrman, George Washington, history of disease, inoculation, Jim Jordan, vaccination